Heatwaves Threaten Heart & Lung Health: Expert Tips to Stay Safe

How Heatwaves Can Harm Your Heart and Lungs

During extreme heat, the body faces a higher risk of heat-related illnesses, especially affecting vital organs like the heart and lungs. As temperatures rise above 103-104°F, the body struggles to cool itself effectively, putting extra strain on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Dr. Shraddha Gandhi, a specialist from Holy Family Hospital in Mumbai, highlights the dangers heatwaves pose, especially for vulnerable populations like the elderly, children, and individuals with pre-existing heart or lung conditions. Let’s break down how heatwaves affect your heart and lungs, along with tips to stay safe.

The Impact of Heat on the Heart

1. Blood Pressure Drops: Extreme heat can lead to heatstroke, which lowers blood pressure, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood efficiently. This results in reduced circulation to critical organs, including the heart.

2. Irregular Heart Rhythms: Heat stress can interfere with the electrical impulses in the heart, causing arrhythmias. People with pre-existing heart conditions are more likely to experience irregular heartbeats, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.

3. Damage to Heart Muscle: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can damage the heart muscle. As blood circulation weakens under heat stress, the heart struggles to function normally, leading to further health risks.

4. Increased Risk of Heart Attacks and Strokes: Heatwaves can trigger serious cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks or strokes. The additional strain on the cardiovascular system raises the risk of these life-threatening events, especially in individuals with heart disease or hypertension.

The Impact of Heat on the Lungs

1. Exacerbation of Respiratory Conditions: For people with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other respiratory conditions, extreme heat can trigger flare-ups. Hot air can irritate the airways, making it harder to breathe and worsening symptoms.

2. Breathing Difficulties: Hot, humid air can increase the rate of breathing and make it difficult to take deep breaths. For those already struggling with lung issues, this can lead to shortness of breath or wheezing.

3. Bronchospasm: Heatwaves can lead to airway constriction, known as bronchospasm, making breathing even more difficult. This is especially concerning for asthma sufferers, as their airways are already sensitive to environmental changes.

4. Increased Risk of Lung Infections: Extended exposure to heat and dehydration can cause inflammation in the lungs, making individuals more susceptible to infections such as pneumonia. The body’s immune response weakens when it is under stress from heat, further compromising respiratory health.

How to Protect Yourself During a Heatwave

1. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Staying hydrated helps your body regulate temperature and supports overall health. Avoid alcohol or caffeine, as they can lead to dehydration.

2. Avoid Outdoor Activities During Peak Heat: Try to limit outdoor activities, especially between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is at its strongest. If you must go outside, take frequent breaks in the shade or indoors.

3. Wear Light, Loose-Fitting Clothing: Opt for light-colored, loose-fitting clothing made of breathable fabrics like cotton. This allows your body to release heat more efficiently and helps you stay cool.

4. Keep Your Home Cool: Use fans or air conditioning to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. If you don’t have access to air conditioning, spend time in air-conditioned public spaces such as libraries or shopping malls.

5. Eat Light, Frequent Meals: Avoid heavy meals that can increase metabolic heat. Instead, focus on light, balanced meals throughout the day, including fruits and vegetables that contain high water content.

6. Monitor Your Health: Pay attention to any symptoms of heat stress, such as dizziness, rapid heartbeat, or confusion. If you have a pre-existing heart or lung condition, follow your doctor's advice carefully and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen.