A Sydney man has died after contracting Japanese encephalitis (JE) while on holiday in the Murrumbidgee region of southern New South Wales (NSW). This is the third confirmed JE-related death in NSW since the virus was first detected in the state in 2022 and the first fatal case since May of that year.
According to NSW Health, the man, in his 70s, had been receiving treatment since early February but sadly passed away in a Sydney hospital on Sunday. Officials believe he contracted the virus while visiting the Murrumbidgee region in January.
Another Case Detected in Northern NSW
NSW Health has also confirmed another Japanese encephalitis case in a woman in her 60s from northern NSW. She is believed to have contracted the infection at her rural property in Tenterfield Shire and is currently receiving medical care in a hospital.
Health Authorities Urge Precautions Against Mosquito Bites
Health experts are warning Australians to take precautions against mosquito bites, as JE can cause severe neurological illness, including headache, convulsions, reduced consciousness, and even death.
NSW Health's Executive Director of Health Protection, Dr. Jeremy McAnulty, emphasized the importance of protection against mosquito bites, not just for residents of affected regions but for anyone traveling to high-risk areas.
"These cases show it is crucial for all people to protect themselves from mosquitoes, not just those living in affected areas," Dr. McAnulty said. "JE is a risk you must consider."
What is Japanese Encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne virus that spreads from infected animals to humans through mosquito bites. While most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can lead to brain inflammation (encephalitis), coma, or even death.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the fatality rate among those who develop symptoms can be as high as 30%, making it a serious health concern.
Where is Japanese Encephalitis Found in Australia?
Cases of Japanese encephalitis in Australia are more common in the Murray Darling Basin region, which includes parts of NSW, Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia. This risk increases in wetland areas where mosquitoes thrive.
Dr. Cameron Webb, an entomologist, noted that JE activity is not common along Australia's highly populated east coast, but it does occur inland.
"We do know that for Japanese encephalitis virus, only one in 250 people who are bitten by an infected mosquito develop symptoms. So, it's quite rare," Webb explained. "But if you do get infected, the consequences can be severe."
How to Protect Yourself from Japanese Encephalitis
Although there is no specific treatment for JE, there are several ways to protect yourself from the virus:
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Get Vaccinated: A safe and effective vaccine is available for people living or working in high-risk areas. It is offered through general practitioners, Aboriginal health services, and pharmacists.
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Use Insect Repellents: Apply mosquito repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
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Avoid Mosquito Hotspots: Stay indoors during peak mosquito hours (dawn and dusk).
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Wear Protective Clothing: Wear loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts and pants.
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Secure Your Home: Ensure windows and doors have insect screens to keep mosquitoes out.
Conclusion
With another fatal case of Japanese encephalitis in NSW, health officials are reminding Australians to take mosquito protection seriously. Vaccination, insect repellents, and simple protective measures can help reduce the risk of infection.
If you are traveling to high-risk areas, consult with a healthcare provider about the JE vaccine and follow mosquito prevention guidelines.
